贮藏条件对脱脂乳粉非酶褐变的影响研究

对脱脂乳粉在不同贮藏条件下（温度、水分活度、贮藏时间）的非酶褐变进行了实验研究，同时对贮藏温度T与脱脂乳粉玻璃化转变温度Tg的差值（T—T曲与非酶褐变指数之间的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：在较低的（T—T曲时脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数较小，但随着（T—T曲的增加，非酶褐变指数会迅速增加。随着贮藏温度的升高及水分活度的增加，脱脂乳粉的非酶褐变指数增大。贮藏时间对脱脂乳粉的影响很快会趋于平缓。     

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells in the brain from epileptic rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and apoptosis of nerve cells in rats with epilepsy established by pentetrazole. METHODS: The sub-eclampsia dosage of pentetrazole (PTZ) was used to make epilepsy model. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was given from stomach. The enduring time and latent period were recorded. The immune reactivity of IGF-1, NF-κB/P65 and apoptosis of nerve cells were measured with immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL method. RESULTS: In high power sight (×400), there were much more apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of model group (18.80±2.13, 16.87±2.00) than those in control group (0.97±0.52, 0.58±0.25). The expressions of IGF-1, NF-κB in model group were higher than those in control group. Compared with model group, the latent period of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group at the 17th, 21th, 25th days were longer (P<0.05, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively).There were less apoptosis cells in hippocampus and brain cortex of Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group (12.30±2.46, 10.48±1.33) than those in model group. The expression of NF-κB/P65 in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group was lower than that in model group, but the immune reactivity of IGF-1 increased more distinctly in Ganoderma lucidum spores powder group than that in model group. CONCLUSION: IGF-1, NF-κB and apoptosis of nerve cells may have play a role in occurrence and development of PTZ-induced epilepsy. Ganoderma lucidum spores powder can suppress expression of NF-κB strongly, and facilitate the immune reactivity of IGF-1, which may be one of the mechanisms by which Ganoderma lucidum spores powder restrains the apoptosis of nerve cells caused by epilepsy to prevent the damages of nerve cells.     

用于病毒细菌凝集试验的固体免疫剂的研制和应用

用于制备固体免疫剂的液体免疫剂最佳组合：ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ抗血清的稀释度分别为１／２５６、１／６４和１／１２８,金黄色葡萄球菌菌悬液浓度为１１％、０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＰＢＳ的ｐＨ值为７．０,甘油浓度为１０％。液体制剂冻干过程的降温方式为二步法。固体制剂贮藏条件的最佳组合：含水量为３．２％,贮藏温度为－１０℃。固体制剂在－１０℃贮藏１年后,采用病毒细菌凝集试验检测ＴＭＶ,ＣＭＶ和ＴｕＭＶ纯病毒     

0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长与品质的调节效果

摘要：为了明确0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂对马铃薯生长的调节效果，确定最佳用量，以克新6号马铃薯为材料，以8%甲哌鎓可湿性粉剂和清水分别作为药剂和空白对照，采取随机区组排列开展田间应用试验，分析不同用量0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂配施专用助剂（SD）对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：处理1—处理5（667 m2分别施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂10、20、30、40、0 g，并配施SD 20 g）平均株高、全叶鲜质量、茎粗和小区平均产量均较空白对照有所增加，且均以处理4（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂40 g＋SD 20 g）最大，处理3（667 m2施用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30 g＋SD 20 g）次之，2者小区平均产量较空白对照分别极显著增加13.80%、10.73%，但与药剂对照差异均不显 著；处理1—处理5马铃薯块茎干物质量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量和VC含量等也均较空白对照有所增加，其中以处理4最高，处理3次之，2者均显著高于空白对照。安全性评价表明，各处理对马铃薯均是安全的。在马铃薯生产上，推荐每667 m2使用0.3%氯化血红素可湿性粉剂30～40 g＋SD 20 g。     

四季蜜龙眼花芽形成相关基因SAM的克隆

以四季蜜龙眼花芽为材料,进行了总RNA的提取与纯化,应用RT-PCR技术扩增其3′端序列,经测序和拼接,获得SAM3′末端,共1 253 bp;序列分析表明,与杨树SAM基因同源性达到96%,为龙眼成花机理的深入研究奠定了基础。     

背负式喷雾喷粉机的现状及发展

作物病虫草害是农业生产的最大障碍，实施防治其危害的植保机械，是保证增产稳产的重要措施。植保机械使用技术严重落后的现状与高速发展的农药水平极不相称，已严重妨碍了农作物病虫草害的防治，带来了诸如农药有效利用率低、农产品中农药残留超标、环境污染、作物药害、操作者中毒等负面影响，造成了不应有的损失以及其他不良后果。为此，植保机械需从结构、配套产品、药水配制和用材等多方面进行改进，以推进植保技术发展。     

Development of Sequence-characterized DNA Markers Linked to Temperature Insensitivity for Fruit Production in Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars

In this paper, we characterize a temperature dependence in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) cultivars using the high annealing temperature random‐amplified polymorphic DNA (HAT‐RAPD) methodology. This form of genomic analysis allows a random sampling of the complete genome to provide information about phenotypic traits of interest. Using a set of 18 unique decamer primers, polymorphic bands ranging from 100 to 2500 bp were examined for 14 longan varieties from which banding patterns of interest were selected for conversion to the more reproducible and robust sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. In particular, one SCAR marker produced an electrophoresis banding pattern which could distinguish between longan varieties requiring a sustained interval at low temperatures for fruit production vs. those that do not. This band was composed of a nucleotide region 275 bases in length (DQ539047) in which the initial 90 nucleotides were >85 % identical to the 12‐oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) reductase gene. OPDA is an immediate precursor to jasmonic acid which has been described as the ‘master switch’ for lipid‐derived environmental signalling to factors such as flowering and osmotic stress. The possible involvement of the jamonic acid signalling pathway could explain the recent success of potassium chlorate to induce off‐season flowering and fruit formation.     

蛋壳粉少量替代石粉对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质及钙代谢的影响

【目的】研究蛋壳粉少量替代石粉对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和钙代谢的影响。【方法】试验选择80只180日龄的健康山麻鸭蛋鸭,随机分为两组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只蛋鸭。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上,用2 g蛋壳粉取代饲料中等量的钙添加量。试验为期56 d,试验期间检测蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、钙沉积量、血液中钙磷含量和钙代谢相关激素水平等指标。【结果】试验组平均蛋重、蛋壳强度和蛋白高度均显著高于对照组,表明添加蛋壳粉能明显提高蛋品质量。试验组蛋壳钙沉积量、血磷含量和血浆甲状旁腺素水平显著高于对照组,试验组血钙含量为4.74(±1.17)μmol/mL,极显著高于对照组的2.79(±1.00)μmol/mL,表明蛋壳粉更有利于钙沉积,能明显提高血液中钙磷含量和甲状旁腺素水平。【结论】蛋壳粉少量替代石粉可促进蛋鸭钙吸收代谢和蛋壳钙沉积,提高平均蛋重,改善蛋品质。     

乳粉喷流性及影响因素的探讨

通过对乳粉颗粒观察及对其喷流性的研究,测定代表流动性的自然坡度角（θr）、压缩率（Cp）、凝集度（Ch）、代表喷流性的崩溃角（θf）、差角（θd）、分散度（Ds）,讨论各种性能对乳粉的影响因素.